Periods of European History that Demonstrated Changing Attitudes Towards the Education of Women :: European Europe History

Times of European History that Demonstrated Changing Attitudes Towards the Education of Women All through the early part of current European history, ladies were never urged to embrace any critical training. In spite of the fact that the issue decreased after some time, it was as yet a solid cultural power. There were three significant timespans when considerable changes occurred in mentalities towards ladies' instruction - the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Seventeenth also, the mid Eighteenth hundreds of years. The most punctual timespan, the Renaissance, may have really been the most liberal timeframe for ladies' training. The congregation was the main power right now that debilitated training. In Erasmus' book The Abbot and the Learned Lady, The congregation's situation on this issue says that training doesn't secure the modesty that was important for ladies. There were still, nonetheless, a conviction that ladies could and ought to be taught. For instance, in Castiglione's book The Courtier, it is expressed that ladies are equipped for everything that men are. Additionally, Roger Ascham has portrayed his female student(the future Queen Elizabeth I) as similarly splendid as any other male understudy of his. Besides, in a letter by the artist Louise Labe', she expresses a requirement for ladies to raise their head over their axles and take up contemplating. The following age, the Reformation and the catholic Reformation, saw a emotional and preservationist change toward the mentalities of training for ladies. Martin Luther, a pioneer of the Reformation, was cited as saying that God caused men with expansive shoulders to do all to the smart, and ladies with wide hips to do the sitting and housework. Concurring with Martin Luther, was Emond Auger, a French Jesuit, who said there is no requirement for ladies to invest significant time from their work and read the Old and New Testament and furthermore that Ladies must be quiet in chapel. The third period of early current European history is the seventeenth and mid eighteenth hundreds of years, in which men everywhere were still unequivocally against the instruction of ladies, however they had arrived at a trade off to a few degree. They permitted ladies to be instructed on a minor level, as Mme. de Maintenon(wife of Louis XIV) says Instruct your working class young ladies in the white collar class way, yet don't adorn their brains, however a ladies would never go past that. It appeared to be likewise that a few men had clashing perspective focuses on this issue. In Moliere's play The Learned Ladies, instructed ladies are

Marketing Concepts free essay sample

Free Essays on Air Travel

Air Travel Going via air has become a lifestyle for some business experts and vacationers the same. In spite of the fact that not generally the most agreeable method of movement, planes have been utilized to get individuals to their goal in a convenient way. Contingent upon one’s budgetary circumstance, the person can pick different seating alternatives on the airplane, for example, flying firstâ€class or flying standard class. In any case, regardless of spending plans, flying with every available amenity is the most agreeable, gives the best food, and is a well found segment when contrasted with flying standard class. Happy with seating is the way in to a pleasant flight. A great many people heading out on airplane like to lay while on the plane. The seats in both top of the line and mentor class can lean back. Both seating areas likewise have seats with armrests, just as covers and cushions to additionally comfort the traveler. Mentor class as a rule has seating in squeezed lines of three, though in top of the line, the seats are arranged in lines of two. This guest plan takes into account a progressively spread out and agreeable ride. The seats in first â€class are typically made out of calfskin and are very bigger than those in mentor. Also, the columns of top of the line seats are isolated far enough so one can lean back effortlessly, while not encroaching on the space of the individual behind him. In mentor class, the lines are very near one another, and in this manner can here and there make for an awkward flight-particularly when it comes time for food administration Both first and mentor class areas of planes offer some kind of food administration to its travelers. They offer a feast for breakfast, lunch, or supper, just as a selection of drinks. In spite of the fact that aircrafts are not known for giving gourmet cooking, the top of the line segments are typically offered a menu with the goal that the traveler can pick their feast inclination. Food served in mentor class commonly shows up in a crate structure, and is a similar nourishment for every one of the travelers. ... Free Essays on Air Travel Free Essays on Air Travel Air Travel Going via air has become a lifestyle for some business experts and vacationers the same. In spite of the fact that not generally the most agreeable method of movement, planes have been utilized to get individuals to their goal in an ideal way. Contingent upon one’s money related circumstance, the person in question can pick different seating choices on the airplane, for example, flying firstâ€class or flying standard class. Be that as it may, with or without spending plans, flying with every available amenity is the most agreeable, gives the best food, and is a well found segment when contrasted with flying standard class. Open to seating is the way in to a pleasant flight. The vast majority making a trip on airplane like to lay while on the plane. The seats in both five star and mentor class can lean back. Both seating areas additionally have seats with armrests, just as covers and pads to additionally comfort the traveler. Mentor class for the most part has seating in squeezed columns of three, though in top of the line, the seats are arranged in lines of two. This guest plan takes into account an increasingly spread out and agreeable ride. The seats in first â€class are typically made out of calfskin and are very bigger than those in mentor. Moreover, the columns of top notch seats are isolated far enough so one can lean back effortlessly, while not encroaching on the space of the individual behind him. In mentor class, the lines are very near one another, and consequently can once in a while make for an awkward flight-particularly when it comes time for food administration Both first and mentor class segments of planes offer some sort of food administration to its travelers. They offer a feast for breakfast, lunch, or supper, just as a selection of drinks. In spite of the fact that carriers are not known for giving gourmet food, the five star segments are generally offered a menu with the goal that the traveler can pick their supper inclination. Food served in mentor class ordinarily shows up in a case structure, and is a similar nourishment for every one of the travelers. ...

High School Dropouts and Crime

WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS TO LEAD CRIMINAL LIVES? Michael Webbers 13APRIL2013 Criminology ADJ 107 Spring 2013 Professor George D. McMillan Purpose:It is critical to get instruction and graduate secondary school. Without acquiring a secondary school recognition, a GED or College Degree, an individual will probably encounter extraordinary troubles in getting and acquiring a line of work. Because of such essential instructive prerequisites authorized by society and all the more explicitly employers†¦ an individual may likewise make some troublesome memories working and gaining a sensible salary. Also, with no money related assets to help a family, this places the person in the last 5 to 16 percent of Americans whom we consider to be in destitution. With wrongdoing generally evident in the lower-and underclass, we can make the supposition that a great deal of dropouts originate from these gatherings of people. To have any kind of effect, we should begin where there is the best possibility of dropouts, and that obviously is at the base of the cultural pyramid. Along these lines, on the off chance that we diminish the dropout rates, it might help with the wrongdoing rates.The expectation of this examination proposition is to all the more likely comprehend the reason for dropouts and the influence they have on society. All the more critically, it is to distinguish the issues with the goal that the adolescent framework can help forestall further continuation and eventually diminish the underclass crime percentage in dropouts. In endeavors to help lessen the dropout rate, it can: (1) invigorate the economy; (2) decline the measure of joblessness; and (3) cut the size of the underclass down the middle, which thusly will diminish most by far of obvious crime.By making it hard for secondary school understudies to get inclined to destitution and wrongdoing, we can improve the result for people in the future. I need to all the more likely comprehend th e interior reason for this marvel, however so as to do that we need to begin from the outside reason. I will be taking a gander at how society is influenced, just as, how they influence the dropouts. On my quest for data, I will attempt to get a meeting with some old classmates who dropped out during our Sophomore year at West Springfield High School.The reason they dropped out was constantly a puzzle to me, and I in every case just idea to myself that, â€Å"These individuals must be moronic, so they dropout. † I rushed to figure out how oblivious I was myself. Background:High school graduation was never truly followed until the late 1900's. 3 So, dropout rates were never actually a looked for after measurement. Filed information has now been utilized to comprehend the graduation rates going back right around a century prior. In 1870, the most punctual date on record, just 2 percent of 17-year-olds in the country had an auxiliary level education.In 1940, just because, half o f all understudies completed secondary school. Despite the fact that graduation didn't turn into a built up standard until the 1950s, the U. S. graduation rate arrived at its authentic high point toward the finish of the 1960s, with the graduation rate topping at 77 percent in 1969. 3 It looked as if secondary school graduation was turning into a pattern, however something more likely than not occurred after Class of '69 to make the national normal drop in excess of 10% in a little more than 30 years.In the late 1980's, when cutting edge information turned out to be promptly accessible to government funded schools, the graduation rate gradually was on the decay from record highs of around 70 percent. 3 The graduation rate plunged during the mid 1990s, in the end balancing out around 66 percent before the decade's over. As expressed by the EPE Research Center, 2010; U. S. Division of Education, â€Å"since at that point, [graduation rate] has by and large been described by continuou s however consistent upgrades. The class of 2005 was by and by winning certificates at a pace last found in the mid 1990s.However, two successive yearly decays from that point forward have disintegrated the nation’s graduation rate, which remained at marginally under 69 percent for the class of 2007†. 3 With so much discussion about graduating or not, the fundamental purposes behind the decrease were incredible; dropping out to help bolster their family monetarily, to seek after work, or most likely the most exceedingly terrible thing that can occur from dropping out of secondary school †carrying on with the criminal way of life. Key Questions: What really characterizes a secondary school dropout? What incites understudies to drop out of high school?What is the dropout pace of secondary school understudies in Virginia? How do secondary school dropouts influence society? Are secondary school dropouts progressively inclined to have criminal existences? By what means would society be able to approach forestalling future dropouts? Introduction:Every year across the nation, a huge number of understudies dropout of secondary school. Of these understudies, 54 percent of dropouts ages 16 to 24 were jobless, contrasted and 32 percent for secondary school alumni of a similar age, and 13 percent for those with a higher education. 8 High school dropouts are an intense subject in present day society.With such a discussion about assessments and who ought to be paying for what, it is critical to get instruction; not exclusively to voice a supposition, yet not to be an impairment to the economy as an adolescent/youthful grown-up. Secondary school dropouts hurt the economy, costing the government a great many citizens dollars. Since dropouts are progressively inclined to lead a way of life associated with medications, liquor, and early pregnancy, it is critical to distinguish people right off the bat in their secondary school vocation, and give them the help expected to remain in school.By making a move in helping the network decline the dropout rate and urge more understudies to graduate, we can enable our economy to spare billions of dollars a year. An expansion in graduation rates can mean less citizen cash towards school help projects, and more citizens to pay the legislature to keep up our urban areas and keep wrongdoing off the roads. As per the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services Research Center, â€Å"poor winning force, joblessness, or frustration,†1 may lead people to carry out criminal acts.Crime rates in Virginia are still on the low finish of the range, however by diminishing dropouts, we can keep the crime percentages even lower. By aiding in our locale and advising schools regarding the progressing issue, it is conceivable to have a gigantic effect in our financial state. What really characterizes a dropout? In Virginia, we utilize the definition that was controlled by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Expressed by the NCES, â€Å"a dropout is a person who was taken on school sooner or later during the past school year yet was not selected on October 1 of the present school year.Or, they were not enlisted on October 1 of the past school year albeit expected to be in enrollment; and †has not moved on from secondary school or finished a state-or area affirmed instructive program, and †doesn't meet any of the accompanying avoidances: move to another government funded school locale, tuition based school, or state-or region endorsed training program; brief school-perceived nonattendance because of suspension or sickness; death†. 2 The state doesn't think about understudies as a dropout by just not going to class, despite the fact that that is the best way to pass and get a certificate, it depends on the understudies genuine enrollment.What incites understudies to drop out of secondary school? There are numerous variables that cause understudies to d rop out of secondary school. Without distinguishing the particular reason for dropouts, it is difficult to tell how to help forestall it. One huge factor affecting secondary school dropout rates is family pay. Alongside salary, more seasoned kin or companions can impact dropouts by dropping out themselves and guaranteeing it is the proper activity. At last, dropouts can be activated due to the racial and sexual orientation assaults that appear to be progressively significant nowadays. As per the U.S. Division of Education, understudies from low-salary families are multiple times bound to drop out of secondary school than understudies from high-pay families. 2 at the end of the day, because of the inclination to an existence of neediness, it is almost certain the understudy will wind up in destitution because of inadequacy of secondary school. While living in destitution, school may not be the main thing on an understudies mind. Endurance is consistently the most significant factor t o people. Without methods for enduring, people can't suit different necessities, such as getting a secondary school education.At a youthful age, it is extremely difficult to get oneself far from medications, liquor, and wrongdoing. Understudies whose guardians have low desires are likewise bound to dropout of secondary school and resort to wrongdoing by methods for opposing their folks. An examination done by the New York Times showed that, â€Å"[high school dropouts] will perpetrate violations to get an adrenaline surge thus that they can discharge some developed worry from the household†. 8 What this implies is that understudies have a lot of time on their hands, and too brief period is spent focusing on school work.Either the guardians don't pressure the significance of schoolwork, or they are not there to help the understudy when the individual in question is battling in class What is the dropout pace of secondary school understudies in Fairfax County, Virginia? Fairfax County, Virginia anticipated a much lower dropout rate conversely with the national normal. As per the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), â€Å"Virginia's secondary school dropout rates have diminished in late years†,2 and accordingly the â€Å"Virginia's property related misconduct rate (as estimated per 100,000 populace) was 2,250, a decrease again from the past year†. Virginia has been on a decent pattern of ‘cleaning our misbehave' with regards to pivoting our instructive framework. As indicated by the NCES: Virginia had the fourteenth least dropout rate in the nation. Virginia's 2009 rate was likewise lower than the national pace of 4. 1 percent and the paces of its friend states. Tennessee's dropout rate in 2009 was 3. 2 percent, North Carolina was at 5. 3 percent, an

environment relationships using The Light in the Forest by Conrad Richter as a vehicle

paper investigating indian/condition connections utilizing The Light in the Forest by Conrad Richter as a vehicle Segment 1The plot in the story begins with True Son, a white kid who was raised by Indianssince he was four years of age. A Native American family raised him as their own when theirson had kicked the bucket and True child was taken as prisoner. Genuine Son's Indian guardians said wordsthat made him an Indian. Genuine Son believed this to be his life, and these individuals to behis family.One day when he was 15, he was told by his dad that another law was passed andbecause he was white, he needed to return and live with his genuine family. At that point True Son isescorted by white officers back to where his folks live. His cousin and bestfriend Half Arrow goes with him on part of this journey.True Son is hesitant to go and despises his white family. They constrain him to wear theirclothes, communicate in their language and associate with different whites daily.Gordie Howe's star on Canada's Walk of FameThe just white personhe likes is Gordie, his more youthful sibling. Gordie is the one in particular who attempts to understandTrue Son, he's likewise the just one to call him True Son rather than John Butler, his realname.Once while he was living with his white family he attempted to get away. When Gordiebegged to go as well, True Son brought him as well. In any case, Before they could get much of anywhere, they werecaught. Some time later, True Son turned out to be sick and didn't appear to show signs of improvement with themedicines that the Whites had. One night Gordie revealed to True child that a few Indians hadbeen found in the town. When he was disregarded in his room, True Son put on his Indianclothes and departed for good to meet his people.He discovers Half Arrow...

Practice Samples of Formative Essay Writing

Practice Samples of Formative Essay WritingYou may be under the impression that writing a good essay is not really all that difficult, but if you do not have practice samples of formative essay writing, you are going to waste a lot of time. There are certain things that must be considered before engaging in any formative essay writing endeavor.When starting out with this kind of writing, be sure to stay away from using only informative facts and figures. Using these kinds of facts can tend to confuse the readers and often is not very convincing.It is very important to make your writing read as if it were a first-hand experience. If you are able to use the right kinds of language and write a very compelling argument, then you are going to have a lot more success with your essay.Another important tip is to always have a very clear and concise introduction. This is usually referred to as the prologue. You are going to want to make sure that it is pretty well written, and relevant to the rest of your essay.The last and most important point to consider when writing a formative essay is that you are going to want to make sure that you come up with a really great conclusion. You will want to make sure that your final conclusion is one that is going to be very memorable.Formative essay writing does not need to be challenging. In fact, it can be very easy to write a great essay on almost any topic.These are some of the most important tips for developing your writing skills. Once you begin to develop your own formative essay writing skill, then you are going to find that your chances of landing a job with that company dramatically increase. Having a formative essay is not going to take all that much time. It can all be completed in about two hours or less.

Essay What Causes Love at First Sight

Essay: What Causes Love at First Sight? The concept of love at first sight is one that continues to be a debatable topic, because of the many controversial issues about love in the present day. A good source of primary information on factors that cause someone to fall in love at first sight is those who profess to have fallen in love with their significant other upon meeting them for the first time. One of the issues these individuals may state is when they first came into their significant others presence, they felt a tingling effect all over their bodies that made them excited to be at the same place as the person they were attracted to and had fallen in love with. The difference with the excitement of falling in love at first sight is that the sensation is stronger than they had experienced before, when they were infatuated with another individual. The whole feeling of falling in love is highly emotional, because couples that have reported falling in love report having a strong emotional connection with their significant other. These couples also report getting to know more about the person they fell in love with in a shorter amount of time than when they got to know their other friends. Falling in love makes people want to know more about a significant other than those who they have spent a very long time knowing. One other interesting thing about falling in love at first sight is the feeling that one gets makes him or her want to profess their love to that individual the very first time they meet. The unwritten rule of love emphasizes that one should profess one’s loves to the other individual after a couple of dates, as well as after both parties feel they have known the other individual enough to be very comfortable around one another. Love at first sight; however, makes one feel like saying he or she loves the other individual even before really getting to know the other individual. When one falls in love at first sight, one gets preoccupied with the other individual just hours after meeting the individual and always wants to spend a significant amount of time with that individual. One may also feel like telling the other individual everything about themselves. When one falls in love with another individual, the relationship with the other individual seems very easy to pursue and one finds it very easy to put up with the individual’s weaknesses. Those who fall in love quickly usually state they get worried or are deeply concerned about their significant other shortly after they have met that individual for the first time. At AdvancedWriters.com you can have a great opportunity to fill in the order form and to get a custom essay written from scratch! 5.00 avg. rating (1 vote)

Racism Essay - 463 Words

Racism I have chosen to write my paper on the ever persisting topic of racism. I feel that while this is a very talked about topic in our society, I feel that in my family in particular it is often overlooked. My father is an old country boy who has not been around black people very much throughout his life, and it shows in his actions. He always makes racial comments around me and it upsets me greatly. I tell him about him, but he seems to just take it as a joke. I do not think that this is something to joke about. While a few years ago I could not say that I had many black friends, I can say that now. Since I have been at Urbana, I have made many friends many of whom are black. So I have a serious reason to take offense to my†¦show more content†¦These are the people that we need to eliminate. One group in particular that I believe needs to be eliminated is the Klu Klux Klan. These people have not just made racist comments towards black people, but have killed many people simply because of their skin color. Not only have they murdered many innocent people, they have committed many other acts of violence such as arson and rape. I believe that these people need to be eliminated from our society, not by killing them, but rather by sending them away to prison for the rest of their lives and letting them suffer. If someone were to kill them for the acts that they committed I consider that person to have the same type of problem that the KKK have. So I think that all remaining members of the KKK, who acknowledge that they are actually members of this sick organization, and have committed acts of violence towards other simply because of their skin color, should be locked away for the rest of their life. The fact that my Dad is a racist is something that bothers me greatly. I tell him every time that he makes a racist comment that he really is offending me and many people close to me. He says that he is just joking or sometimes he even says that what he says is tru e. This makes me really upset. I know that he was raised in this fashion, and he probably does not know any better, but I really wish he would change his way of thinking. Sometimes heShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is learnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embedded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. Another assumption is that racism derives from the capitalism of the slave trade by white elitist men seeking to dehumanize people for economic gain, and used racism as a way to mask their financial motives to justify enslavementRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1003 Words   |  5 Pagesracism: Racism-â€Å"the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.† Imagine, 5 black men. Singing a church song still faithful for hope. Chained and cuffed together. Flies follow them as they walk by in the dry hot desert. With the white oppressor behind them yelling nasty words that poison their brain. Yet they still sing and wait and keep faith. In some statesRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism953 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America â€Å"Racism is a refuge for the ignorant. It seeks to destroy. 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They state that since the white cop shot the black man it simply means the cop was racist. Then the people want to speak that justice needs to be served and the cop needs to be put in prison or released fromRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1751 Words   |  8 PagesRacism Social Justice Topic Issue Corbin Metz H R – 3013 University of Oklahoma Racism Social Justice Topic Issue Today in our society, racism is a very popular social justice topic issue, which affects many of the lives of those around us on a daily basis. Individuals as well as organizations and institutions widely commit the act of racism and these issues are embedded in their policies, procedures, and practices (Calgary). The first signs of racism beginning to arise in the worldRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has come to be a very important topic in today’s society. Many are talking about the injustices when it comes mostly when it comes to African-Americans and Caucasians in authority. Many have deemed the incidents of Trayvon Martin, Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Walter Scott, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, the Spring Valley High School video, and even the Charleston Shooting to name a few as reactions to racism. Out of the people talking about these events, only a few really know the meaning of racismRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism2243 Words   |  9 PagesRacism, a topic which has become especially touchy in modern times. It is quite clear that racism is alive not only in the United States, but across the globe. Though the topic is widely talked about, nobody really does anything to stop it. People will be quick to elaborate on the fact that it should be stopped, then make no changes themselves. Yet do they truly understand the concepts of racism and what it really means to be racist? Granted everybody understands that it is racist to hate a group

Essay Class Consciousness in Jane Austen’s Pride and...

Class Consciousness in Pride and Prejudice Originally written in the late 1700s, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice satirically depicts the universal ideals in Regency England, primarily regarding social class. Austen follows the development of an outspoken, middle-class British woman, Elizabeth Bennet, as she encounters and overcomes the many social barriers that separate her from her aristocratic neighbors. Throughout the novel, Lizzie must confront society’s class-consciousness, particularly with her family’s growing relationship with the wellborn Bingleys and their friend, Mr. Darcy. It is clear that author, Jane Austen, intended Pride and Prejudice to be a parody of English society’s emphasis on the social class structure, which†¦show more content†¦Indirect connections with distinction are just as praiseworthy as direct ties, at least in the mind of the nonsensical Mr. Collins, who works for the esteemed Lady Catherine de Bourgh. It is evident throughout Pride and Prejudice that Mr. Collins deems himself imperial compared to the rest of Derbyshire. The author characterizes him as being a â€Å"mixture of pride and obsequiousness, self-importance and humi lity† (Chapter 15). He believes that his connection to Lady Catherine places him in the upper crust of society; however, this speculation is humorous, as Mr. Collins is simply an ostentatious churchman who will inherit the estate of a middle class family. He is convinced that he is doing Elizabeth a favor by proposing to her. Mr. Collins cites three specific reasons for his proposal, one reason being â€Å" ‘that it is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble lady whom [he has] the honour of calling patroness’ † (Chapter 19). Because of this connection to Lady Catherine, he expects Lizzie’s acceptance of his proposal and therefore, is dumbfounded when she refuses him; he insists that she is playing with his mind, as most women do with men. 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However, there are also elements of conventional romance in the novel, notably, in the success of Jane and Bingleys love.    The first indication of Austens inversion of accepted romantic conventionsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay1756 Words   |  8 Pages Jane Austen’s novels have inspired many into creating sequels, prequels, retellings, and spin-offs, and then in turn producing TV shows, films, etc. She is an â€Å"innovator who has trimmed away the flab of form†¦ to cause verbiage in others† (Lynch, â€Å"Sequels† 160). Austen is best known for her merit in writing social commentary to bridge the gap between romance and realism. 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Pride and Prejudice, a comedy of manners, was published in 1813, and is a staple of the English literature. It recreates the social world of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England and embodies the theme that preconceptions and egotism can overcome true love. Pride and Prejudice is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elementsRead MoreEssay on Jane Austens Middle-class Female987 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austens Middle-Class Female Jane Austin insightfully portrays the class mentalities of the middle and upper classes during the early nineteenth century in her novel Pride and Prejudice. Society then was overly preoccupied with the distinction of classes, and with these shameless distinctions there existed an obvious hierarchy that governed peoples behavior and obligations to their respective societies. Austens story focuses on Elizabeth Bennet and her family, who are well-to-do membersRead MoreComparing The Representation Of Women s The Yellow Wallpaper And Pride And Prejudice 1662 Words   |  7 PagesCompare the representation of women in Gilman’s ‘The yellow wallpaper’ and Austen’s ‘pride and prejudice’. To what extent do you agree with the view that Gilman presents conventional patriarchal expectations of women, more critically than Austen. Both Austen and Gilman breakthrough the conformity of femininity at a time of rising feminism in a bid to encourage the female viewpoint which was put down or rather shunned to be less valuable by the society they lived in. Gilman however presents it inRead MoreRobinson Crusoe vs Pride and Prejudice2573 Words   |  11 Pagesnovel genre leading to Victorian novels, like Pride and Prejudice published almost one hundred years later (1813) in terms of style, themes and concerns? Augustan writers, before Daniel Defoe, were very protective of the status quo and their novels were philosophical and religious, based on a myth of the eternal fitness of things. By contrast, Defoe stood for revolutionary change, economic individualism, social mobility, trade, and freedom of consciousness. For Swift, Defoe was â€Å"the fellow that was

The Impact Of Organizational Culture On The Lincoln...

Through my reading about LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY I can see that organizational culture played an important important role in success of this company. All main elements that form Oranizational culture represented in THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY, that what made this company prospered and thrived in its activity through the applying The P-O-L-C Framework effectively. I can discern the aspects of influence of oraganizational culture in manging this company towards higher levels in output through the following the principal elements that Organizational culture includes. - Organizational culture is a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that helps individuals understand which behaviors are and are not appropriate within an organization. Cultures can be a source of competitive advantage for organizations. Strong organizational cultures can be an organizing as well as a controlling mechanism for organizations. And finally, organizational culture consists of three levels: assumptions that are below the surface, values, and artifacts. - Culture is largely invisible to individuals just as the sea is invisible to the fish swimming in it. Even though it affects all employee behaviors, thinking, and behavioral patterns, individuals tend to become more aware of their organization’s culture when they have the opportunity to compare it to other organizations. -An organization’s culture may be one of its strongest assets or its biggest liability. In fact, it has been arguedShow MoreRelatedLincoln Electric Company s Impact On Corporate Culture905 Words   |  4 Pagesvalue†; as found within Lincoln Electrics’ Vision Statement (Lincoln Electric 1999-2016). The beliefs and values transferred from company founders and instilled into employees can have an overwhelming impact on corporate culture. By establishing a positive corporate culture one can influence exceptional company performance. This is clearly demonstrated by Lincoln Electric Company, from its early days until its present day. I will present how the Lincoln Electric Company has done just that! BeforeRead MoreThe Lincoln Electric Company s Aspects Of The Company898 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Carpenter, Taylor and Erdogan (2009) Organizational culture could be considered as a system of defining standadrds of appropriate company’s staff behavior and control of inappropriate company’s staff behavior, and plays very important role in company’s life. On the one hand it is absolutely necessary for continuous motivating of workers through sharing of values within organization. On the other hand it is used as means of control since in certain circumstances it has more influenceRead MoreCase Analysis : Lincoln Electric Company958 Words   |  4 PagesCase Analysis: Lincoln Electric The Lincoln Electric Company is a great example of an organization that has multiple cultures within it. In this week’s reading of chapter 8, we learned about several cultures. The ones that come to mind immediately when referencing Lincoln Electric Company are people-oriented and outcome-oriented. (Carpenter, Taylor Erdogan, 2009, p. 188) Investigating the founders of the company makes it easy to see that Lincoln Electric Company’s founders shared a common visionRead MoreThe Lincoln Electric Companys Culture1207 Words   |  5 Pagesset of values and beliefs, rooted deep in the company’s organizational structure that depict the â€Å"dos†, â€Å"don’t† and the â€Å"hows†, of the organization and these unequivocally represents the culture of the organization. This concept became popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman in their book: â€Å"In search of Excellence† presented the profound argument that, the success of any organization is inextricable linked to the quality of its culture. (Carpenter, M., Taylor, B., Erdogan, B. 2009 p183). TheRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Lincoln Electric Company934 Words   |  4 Pages The Lincoln Electric Company was created by John C. Lincoln in 1895 after being forced out of the Elliot-Lincoln Company. The Lincoln Electric compan y would go on to become the world’s largest manufacturer of welding products and machines. This all came to be due to the business culture instilled by the founders and continued up to the present. A Harvard case study done by Arthur Sharplin, shows the organizational culture within Lincoln Electric is unique to any single ordinary business cultureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study1006 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin By: Lauren N. Ingram The Lincoln Electric Company was a legacy company from which the families personal values were incorporated in the beginning and continue to be the fundamental beliefs compromising the company s culture. By creating and implementing a culture of service, respect, and loyalty, the Lincoln Electric Company has become an institutional leader in American business standards. Lincoln s culture cannot beRead MoreCritical Analysis of Lincoln Electric1423 Words   |  6 PagesLincoln Electric: Critical Analysis on the Philosophy of Control Kaplan University Shannon Blair Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze a case study related to issue of control and how organizations can utilize different approaches of control in order to improve quality and performance in all arenas, domestic and global. The focus of this case revolves around Lincoln Electric, an Ohio based company that has set the bar for how to develop and implement a successful management systemRead MoreThe Organizational Culture And Subcultures Within A Business Organization1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe organizational culture and subcultures within a business determines, to a larger extent, how the business performs and the quality of people that comprises an organization. Such culture is often initially created on purpose, but takes on life and identity of its own, developing organically and eventually controls and cultivates people within the organization. The case of Lincoln Electric Company is an interesting one, starting from the very early beginnings when the company was run by the brothersRead MoreLincoln Electric: Case Study2209 Words   |  9 PagesLincoln Electric: Case Study Lincoln Electric is one of the leading producers and manufacturers of Arc Welding Products and Electric Motors. Lincoln Electric’s success lies on the foundation of the various company policies introduced by James Lincoln. This case study analyzed the critical points on which the success of Lincoln Electric’s has its foundations. Company’s Basic Principle Lincoln Electric’s foundations are based on values of trust, overt nature to management, self reliance, righteousnessRead MoreLeadership Barriers And Organizational Disconnections Related On The Marketing Of Potentially Unsafe Medical Devices7821 Words   |  32 PagesThe literature search strategy focused on leadership barriers and organizational disconnections related to the marketing of potentially unsafe medical devices. Many qualitative studies were found in the NCU ProQuest, EBSCOhost databases, and Dissertation resources on organizational barriers and disconnection. The starting point of the literature review is the theory of quality management and the subsequent emergence of quality-related standards and regulations. Information sources for the proposed

Great Expectations Prosperity Essay - 1598 Words

How are wealth and prosperity presented in Great Expectations? Dickens’ bildungsroman: Great Expectations dictates the life of a fortunate young gentleman who goes by the name of Pip, formally known as Philip Pirrip. Pip was born with only one relative to his name: Mrs. Joe, as she is referred to in the book. The book, typical of a bildungsroman, follows the protagonist -Pip- along his journey; originating from a relatively poor background and progressing to a more prosperous and wealthy future. The novel outlines the fundamental injustice of society and how one can prosper and build wealth. The character Magwitch outlines this idea; he creates his own artificial gentleman out of Pip to prove the stereotype of a gentleman wrong; that it is†¦show more content†¦The ‘B’ in ‘Beggar,’ is a bi-labial plosive that has an explosive feeling as it leaves your mouth; it seems as if Miss Havisham is actively pushing Pip away from her as if he is from the gutter. The Pocket family can be associated with parasites. They feed of Miss Havisham’s wealth just as a parasite lives off a host. ‘â€Å"Dear Miss Havisham,† said Miss Sarah Pocket. â€Å"How well you look!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Miss Pocket intends to deceive Miss Havisham with compliments; as she wishes to exhaust Miss Havisham of her money. Miss Havisham perceives what Miss Pocket is aiming to achieve and retaliates with an aggressive answer: ‘â€Å"I do not,† returned Miss Havisham. â€Å"I am yellow skin and bone.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This implies that the pockets have already drained Miss Havisham of her wealth and will extract the last of her wealth when she deceases. Estella, which is a Latinate name that is directly translated as star, is a figurehead for Pip throughout Great Expectations. Pip views Estella as a star although she is obnoxious towards him, and is used as a tool to emotionally taunt men. Pip visits Satis House and is led through the hallways by candlelight. Pip follows Estella down the hallways; this has connotations of the three wise men who followed the star to Jesus’ birthplace. Pip believes that by following Estella he will eventually be able to marry her; however, Estella is a contradiction to the typical bible story asShow MoreRelatedConsumerisum in the 1950s1198 Words   |  5 Pagesoptimism and fear. The American people had survived 20 years of depression and war to find new prosperity and an increase in mass production of goods and services that improved quality of life. This meant better times for Americans, but fears over the Cold War, threat of an evermore intrusive American government and loss of individualism existed as well. These high expectations and anxieties played a great deal into how people consumed. Eventually these factors combined with aggressive advertisingRead MoreBook Review The Principles Of Scientific Management1364 Words   |  6 PagesManagement is an academic essay written by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911. 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Class issues, racial barriers, and heredity are no longer as crucial of a factor as they were when Jane Austen began her literary career. In the time period, she was surrounded by a copious amount of expectations; for example, a woman was expected to marry into or above her class, marry before reaching a certain age or accept the dreadful future of a spinster, and marry into the family in order to aggrandize old English money in the family. When John LauberRead MoreThe Rise Of The Iranian Revolution1375 Words   |  6 Pagesview of the ordeal in Iran. Her comic book Persepolis covers many issued faced by her, her family, and Iranians themselves. This essay is about fact checking those facts with legitimate sources form scholarly journals and books. 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This definition expresses the brand as the sum of the representations that we have, however, the brand is also a cultural agent. To remain permanently in the mind of the consumer brands mustRead MoreChristians Are The Ones Waiting For Coming Of God s Kingdom875 Words   |  4 PagesWe Christians are the ones waiting for coming of God’s kingdom. God’s kingdom has come in Jesus Christ. However, this leads to the subsequent question; then, why are the evil and sin still rampant in this world? In this essay, the nature of the kingship of Jesus in the gospel of Mark shall be discussed in further detail. Mark indicates that Jesus is a â€Å"messiah (christ)†. This word can be seen in the very beginning of the gospel, starting with â€Å"The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the

Recommendation Of Business Strategy For Samsung

Question: Describe about theRecommendation of Business Strategy, Samsung?. Answer: Recommendation on Business Strategy Company: Samsung Korean conglomerate Samsung is global leader in electronic and telecommunication the company is retaining its presence in all the continent of the world as a product and service provider. In mobile phone industry it has grab the market with smart phones in this sector it is the close competitor of Apple. Supply chain management system of the company is one of the factors of the competitive advantage. The recommendation has been stated in this paper on the basis of its present strategy and the market performance. Optimum strategy for global market: 1. Gain Competitive Advantage through Vendor Specification The group has demonstrated its excellence in supply chain and made clear indication of developing competitive advantage out of this. It is the time to concentrate on vender specification on the basis of local economy. 2. Opt for Tax Sanctuary as Global Location There are some area in globe those may offer advantage of tax sanctuary to the group, such as California, USA. The selection of geographic position must be done on the basis of past business relationship between the specified location and the groups country of origin. 3. New Gaming Monitor for France French computer peripheral is not that conducive enough to explore. The demand for laptop is electric in nature. The demand for the product is highly responsive to the market price. Desk top sales have dropped considerably. Since 2014 monitor sales started to recover due to the demand from gamers Samsung need focus on this development and make penetration in this market segment. 4. Reduce Investment for India As a member of emerging economy India is conspicuous for its population. Computer sales have dropped 6% in total volume in2015. National government is no longer taking initiative to distributing free laptop to the students. Drop of unit price couldnt contribute any improvement in market trend. In this market scenario company shouldnt pay much investment for Indian market. 5. Innovate Improve Tablet for Africa Africa has exhibit an optimistic picture in terms of market growth. Tablet is in focus point of this development. Unit price for tablet is getting decline but the demand has been noticed in this segment but most of the market share has been taken by Apple by the quality of their product. Samsung need to improve their product and reduce their productto gets the market. 5. development of Strategic Communication The company is developer of telecommunication equipments are there under the service category advertisement construction entertainment, financial services, hospitality information and communications technology, medical and health care services, retail and ship building is failing. Brand presence does substantiate the credibility of the company to the grater mass, the importance of the brand communication become relevant here. The advertisement and the mass communication tool need to get use according to the corporate strategy to develop a mass response for the international standard product or service 6. sustainability through Standardization Since the inception throughout the development years company propagated its reliability as a brand to the customer. According to the holistic approach a brand is much more than product (Ambler and Styles, 1997). Product standardization can help the company to gain the sustainable reliability. 7. Facilitated Customer Loyalty This company has enshrined its name as worlds first maker of LCD screen display panel, and eventually become worlds largest manufacturer of that. After attaining establishment as a global brand in world market the company has started to enjoy the associated attributes of that status. Global brands are associated with prestige (Han, 1990). This association makes the company closer to gain a comprehensive customer loyalty (Kapferer, 1997). In order to ensure this the company needs to opt for end customer generalization. 8. Loyalty through Emotional Bonding Consistency of the success can offer a strong emotional bonding between the brand and its stake holders the company should make an attempt to get leverage from this. 9. Gain Synergy through R D As well as marketing development too. Gap identification is one of the cardinal finding in marketing research. If the evaluation of the value proposition has been dome on the basis of the financial result contemporary research is saying that this result can be treated as financial hypothesis of the value proposition made by the company ((Kohli and Jaworski 1990). From this context company need to distinguished itself from its previous position of homogeneous product developer as the competitors to a solution provider of leant demand in the market. 10. Improve Exclusiveness The exclusiveness of the value proposition will be the optimum product leadership strategy in this juncture. Consumer prefers to be with the latest technology rather than a brand. The strategic RD of the company is helping it to become the initiator of certain advance technological trend the suggestion can be given in this regard that the company can quote a comparative price and lowering the initial offering. This model of pricing will help company to gain dominance over the market and keep it ahead from other competitors. Competitive market place determines the effectiveness of the four Ps of marketing in a relative value but not the absolute. Strategic decision regarding pricing demands instant reaction from competitors side and that is the epitome of commutative reaction among the firms (Sudhir 2001). According to history of the firm there is an obvious trait that can get noticed it is as a brand Samsung tend to introduce new product or improve representation, after considering this it seems price leadership will lead the company to the product leadership. Emotional bonding can lead towards customer retention and sustainability of the patronage. From the perspective of offensive marketing it can be said that sales is the only means to improve market share, but some scholars has been identified that sales is the result of promotional activity and some other variables (Rust,and Zahorik1993). Pricing belong to those and that can lead the firm such as Samsung towards a sustainable relationship with the customers and that must be the future global strategy for the organization. In the case if Samsung brand positioning can get described by Maslow Pyramid. Abraham Maslow described the structure of human aspiration by a graphical depiction of a pyramid where the self actualized status is the highest of the human attainment (Wahba and Bridwell 1976). The subjective nature of the term can get articulated as the graphical representation of apex of attainment. To justify its stand in this regard the company need to reinvent it self. Conclusion: As a global brand Samsung has traverse long way and establish itself in a prominent position. Being a global conglomerate the brand evolution is the representative if the future development. The brand itself is the market leader of the technology market and strong competitor of Apple in mobile phone market. The enriched status of the brand is waiting to get evolved in a higher level. The future strategy of the company should be equipped to address higher demand of quality customer and this can offer a conspicuous position and sustainability in the market. Reference: Ambler, T. and Styles, C., 1997. Brand development versus new product development: toward a process model of extension decisions.Journal of Product Brand Management,6(4), pp.222-234. Han, C.M. and Terpstra, V. (1988) 'Country-of-origin effects for uni-national and bi-national products', Journal of International Business Studies 19(2): 235-256. Kapferer, ].-N. (1997) Strategic Brand Management, 2nd edn, Kogan Page: Dover, NH. Kohli, Ajay K. and Bernard J. Jaworski (1990), Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications, Journal of Marketing, 54 (April), 118. Rust, R.T. and Zahorik, A.J., 1993. Customer satisfaction, customer retention, and market share.Journal of retailing,69(2), pp.193-215. Sudhir, K., 2001. Competitive pricing behavior in the auto market: A structural analysis.Marketing Science,20(1), pp.42-60. Wahba, M.A. and Bridwell, L.G., 1976. Maslow reconsidered: A review of research on the need hierarchy theory.Organizational behavior and human performance,15(2), pp.212-240.

Major Court and Tribunal Decisions

Question: Discuss about the Major Court and Tribunal Decisions. Answer: Introduction: The hearing with respect to the case of RP v The Queen [2016] HCA 53 was held in the high court on 21st December 2016 at 11 am. The court was preceded by Gageler J for the purpose of this case. This case concerned an appeal from Court of Criminal Appeal of the supreme court of New South Wales. In this case it was held by the high court that the previous court made an error with respect to its decision in this case where the court held that appellants conviction was reasonable in situation where there was no sufficient proof to oppose the assumption that a child aged 11 years had no idea that his acct accounted to a serious wrong morally. The case dealt with criminal proceedings with respect to capacity and criminal liability. The case was represented by H K Dhanji SC with J L Roy for the appellant and S C Dowling SC with N J Owens SC and B K Baker for the respondent. The Complainant and Appellant with respect to this case are half-brothers who are aged 6 years 9 months and 11 years 6 months respectively. In this case the appeal was allowed by the high court and it interpreted Doli incapax in a different way to that of the pervious court. The high court even set aside a few orders provided by the previous court. The court quashed the conviction and ruled a verdict of an acquittal. This part of the paper will discuss the similarities and differences between district/supreme and Magistrate courts in Australia. The major states in Australia comprises of supreme courts as well as district courts (Foster, 2013). The first level of jurisdiction at the state level is the magistrate courts. The supreme court of the state is the next level of jurisdiction which comprises of a general divisions or trial division along with a court of appeal. The supreme courts of the states have no limits on jurisdictions on matters arising within their respective states. However the Supreme Court in the states generally hears matters which have a value of more than $750,000 along with criminal matters which are very serious in nature. The court also deals with appeals which arise out of magistrate courts and other administrative tribunals of the state (Forsyth, 2015). The magistrate courts also known as the local courts in the state generally deal with matters which are less serious an d are preceded over by magistrates. Then functions of the local courts are different with respect to each state in Australia. For instance the local court of New South Wales deals with almost 90% of the criminal matters. In the Australian capital territory the local courts only deal with criminal cases to decided that the accused should be forwarded to the higher court or not. There are specific states of legislation for each state which covers the civil and criminal proceedings with respect to magistrate and supreme courts (Turton, 2015). There is no jury involved in the magistrate courts, a person who is legally qualified known as the magistrate presides over the hearings (Garnett, 2015). Magistrate or local courts generally exercise their powers on civil cases with respect to a value of $40,000 along with petty criminal matters such as bail applications, drink-driving and minor thefts. With respect to criminal offences which are more serious the magistrate courts can forward the case to a higher courts, this process is known as committal hearing (White et al., 2015). A few magistrate courts comprises of small claims tribunal, minor debts courts, coroners courts childrens courts and small claims tribunal. District courts in the state deal with a little more serious criminal matters such as rape, fraud and armed robbery along with civil matters more than the value of $250,000. The supreme courts of the state deal with the most serious criminal matters such as murder, manslaughter and major drug offences (Wallace et al ., 2014). Through this court visit it was analyzed that how courts proceedings with respect to criminal and civil matters are conducted in Australia. Through this court visit it was analyzed that the decisions of courts are not always correct and if a proper approach towards an appeal in taken it can be withheld by the higher courts. The researcher also learnt the basic principles of the doctrine of Doli incapax. The court visit was also beneficial for the researcher as he got more accustomed towards the general proceedings of the court and the decorum one should maintain within it. References: Forsyth, A. (2015). Major court and tribunal decisions in Australia in 2014.Journal of Industrial Relations, 0022185615575534. Foster, R. (2013). Towards Leadership: the emergence of contemporary court administration in Australia.International Journal for Court Administration,5(1). Garnett, R. (2015). Australias International and Domestic Arbitration Framework. InArbitration and Dispute Resolution in the Resources Sector(pp. 7-21). Springer International Publishing. Turton, D. J. (2015). Unconventional gas in Australia: towards a legal geography.Geographical Research,53(1), 53-67. Wallace, A., Mack, K., Roach Anleu, S. (2014). Work allocation in Australian courts: Court staff and the judiciary.Anne Wallace, Kathy Mack and Sharyn Roach Anleu,Work Allocation in Australian Courts: Court Staff and the Judiciary(2014),36(4) White, B., Tilse, C., Rosenman, L., Purser, K., Coe, S. (2015). Estate contestation in Australia: An empirical study of a year of case law.UNSWLJ,38, 880.

Monopoly Essays (899 words) - AOL, Netscape, Internet Suites

Monopoly? Joseph Economics This paper will show my opinion of Microsoft being branded a monopoly. I feel this example shows supply and demand in addition to monopolistic competition. This entire ordeal is over a free browser that Microsoft includes with windows for free and gives out on the internet for free just as Netscape and most other browser companies do. The government feels that Microsoft is creating a demand purely for their products by forcing its browser on suppliers and controlling prices. I have yet to see where Microsoft is charging extraordinary prices for any of these free programs nor do I see how Netscape, in using the governments definition, a monopoly itself, is being forced out of business by Microsofts free browser. Remember: the charge is against including Internet Explorer with Windows, not the Windows monopoly itself. It is much better to have one operating system than 20 or even 2. Software compatibility, technical support, and setup are much more simplified with one operating system. Programs today are specifically designed to be Windows compatible. Would you rather have 20 (local) phone companies, each with a different line and number running into your house or one, as is the case now? Internet Explorer brings browser competition to a market that is essentially monopolistic itself. Internet Explorer gives Netscape a competitive product where before virtually none existed. The purpose of antitrust laws is to prevent only harmful monopoly. Microsofts operating system near monopoly is harmful in very few ways. Nor is Intel's chip near monopoly harmful, nor is Netscapes browser near monopoly. Other reasons easily explain how Microsoft came about to its size and how new companies constantly spring up in the computer industry. Computer software is a very volatile industry. To succeed in this industry all you basically need is a good program and a way to offer it for sale. All they have to do is make a program and copy it on a disk. Since making an extra disk containing the program costs all of 2 cents, it is more costly for the software company to print the box and manuals, than it is to make one extra disk. But it does cost Microsoft to develop a new program. No matter how cheap a disk is, capital investment such as salaries, factories, storage, and programmers always exist. Even though development costs are sunk and additional production costs are nonexistent, other costs are incurred. Besides, supply and demand determines where a price will fall. Another thing about the computer market is its ever-changing program market. For all we know, anyone literate in programming may develop a better program than Windows. If consumers like it, we may soon find another browser monopolist. For reasons similar to this, computer industry leaders have vastly changed in just a few years. At times Apple, IBM, Intel, Netscape, ATt forced to buy them. They sell because consumers want them. Many of Microsofts major products are included with Windows. Giving products away at no monetary cost is certainly not restricting output. Netscape had an almost full monopoly (90%) and still has a semi-monopoly at 65-70% of the browser market. So what they are worried about? They use the same methods of distribution of their software by offering it for free and having Internet providers

The Rationale for TEFL Materials

The Rationale for TEFL Materials Introduction Learning materials play a significant role in teaching an English programme. English teachers often use a wide range of instruments to facilitate teaching and learning processes (Wright 2010). The advent of the World Wide Web has transformed the manner in which teachers design learning and instructional materials.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Rationale for TEFL Materials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, the internet has provided an elemental opportunity to support computer-mediated instruction (Nizonkiza 2011; Tomlinson 2008). According to Weston (2009), web-based applications provide different forms of educational technologies that enhance learning experiences. The primary benefit of these tools is that they support the development of a collaborative learning environment (Wright 2010). The purpose of this rationale is to provide a basis that support development of computer- based TEFL materials. The teacher designed the learning materials for Kuwait University students in a general English class. The objective of developing these learning tools was to enhance learners’ performance in business courses. This analysis will demonstrate how educational theories, literature, and reasoning influenced creation of the materials. The rationale will review literature and educational models that support incorporation of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) studies strategies in a conventional classroom. The Learning Context Type of Lesson: General EnglishAdvertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Level: University (Year 1) Language Skill: Listening and Reading Time: 1 hr 30 min per day Class Profile The instructor developed learning materials for a group of 30 male and female students at Kuwait University. The materials will facilitate genera l English instruction for the first-year students in a blended classroom. The general English lessons will run for eight consecutive weeks from Monday to Friday. Each week will account for six and a half hours and the students will complete two assignments per week. The aim of this course is to assist the students to improve their listening, reading and writing skills in English. This goal is essential because some of their core courses are taught in English. These skills will help them to improve their overall performance and educational objectives. The Assessment of Needs The students have enrolled in international business courses at the university. The English language is the mode of instruction for most of the core courses.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Rationale for TEFL Materials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, the Department of Business Administration has introduced an English Imme rsion Programme to support the students who speak English as a second language. The university offers mandatory English classes for 30 to 45 minutes daily. Despite these efforts, these students lack self-efficacy and competencies in spoken and written English respectively. The primary concern is that the students do not receive any linguistic support apart from the 30-45 minutes remedial sessions. The degree programme mandates the students to read multiple books, journals and case studies. The main problem is that the students have limited scanning and skimming skills to comprehend this information. The listening materials will help enhance students’ vocabulary. They will also be in a better position to know how various words are pronounced. Strengths and Weaknesses It is important to note that the students received English instruction from grades one to five. Thus, they have basic skills in both written and spoken English. The students have also formed groups to practice new vocabulary during the immersion sessions. According to Forman (2011), learners achieve higher grades when they take control of their learning process. However, it is unfortunate that the students performed poorly in their latest English essay exam. This exercise also required them to gather information from electronic databases and libraries. A meeting with their professors identified two concerns. First, syntax errors were prevalent in the students’ written assignment.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, the students were unable to synthesize the information in the module materials to answer all the questions correctly. Skimming and scanning were also identified as another weakness among these students. The Teaching Schedule The learners will complete two tasks: an essay and listening activities. Each lesson will begin with a warm-up session that will expose students to various technological tools and devices. They will then identify their most innovative technologies and provide reasons for their choices. The purpose of this task will be to underscore the role of technology in pedagogy. The participants will then complete a three-minute test. The objective of this test will be to introduce specific terminologies commonly used in web browsers and applications. The intake of these vocabularies will enable the students to understand the text more easily. The lesson will also contain a pre-listening session. The students will predict the answers to a set of questions based on t he title of a video. Materials Introduction In this section, the researcher will identify materials that will be needed for the blended learning. The materials must be suitable for year 1 students in Kuwait University. Identifying these materials will help in developing the approach that will be used in this blended class. The materials must be readily available within the university. The materials The delivery of the instruction materials will use two web-based applications: Moodle and TED-Ed. Karchmer-Klein and Shinas (2012) have argued that high cost of purchasing and installing web-based applications limits their incorporation in blended classroom. Conversely, both Moodle and TED-Ed are free applications. Thus, the cost-effectiveness of these tools influenced their selection. In addition, they support collaboration and interactions based on the social constructionist pedagogy. Hsu and Lin (2008) have indicated that effectual cooperation during the learning process improves educa tional outcomes. Animated videos and Task-Based Learning (TBL) will also form part of the materials that will be used. The Objectives of the Learning Materials Learning materials play a significant role in facilitating the teaching process (Dudeney Hockly 2007). The particular aims of the learning materials include the following: To enhance development of reading skills To help students acquire new vocabularies that may enhance their understanding of the language. To enhance time-management skills among the learners. To measure if these objectives are achieved, learners will undertake oral exams to test development of new vocabulary, time management and reading skills. The Rationale for the Learning Materials Introduction The unprecedented advances in information and communication technologies have revolutionised the way teachers and students interact (McQuirter Dortmans 2013). The increasing shift towards online learning has supported proliferation of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) into the conventional classroom (Chapelle Jamieson 2008). The primary purpose of CALL is to generate evidence-based practices in the development of web-based learning tools. On the other hand, the rising influence of English language in the contemporary society has been the force behind the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research (Watson, Watson Reigeluth 2012). Web-based learning has emerged as one of the most feasible teaching approaches in the modern world (Hsu Lin 2008). The principal tenet supporting internet-based education lies in its capacity to support interactions between teachers and students. These applications also improve communication among the learners (Karchmer-Klein Shinas 2012). The level of communication in these contexts improves the productivity and performance of trainers and trainees respectively (Wohlwend 2010). The purpose of this rationale is to demonstrate the significance of using technological resources to improve listening, read ing and speaking skills among ELLs. This rationale will illustrate the factors that influenced the design and development of the electronic learning materials. In addition, the analysis will also identify theoretical and empirical frameworks. The Justification for the Blended Classroom Blended learning is a technique that has emerged from the development of information and communication tools. In practice, blended learning uses online and digital media to complement conventional classroom methods (Wright 2010). One of the principal challenges teachers encounter in the traditional classroom is the inability to meet the individual needs of each student (Forman 2011; Watson, Watson Reigeluth 2012). A blended classroom addresses the preceding limitation by providing a wide range of web-based tools. The multiplicity of these tools will motivate the students because they break the monotony of face-to-face instruction. In addition, the role of the trainer is to provide support and consult ation (Wohlwend 2010). That is why blended learning has gained popularity in the recent past. Secondly, classroom teaching fails to acknowledge the fact that students synthesize learning materials at different paces (Shute Towle 2003). Self-blending allows students to control the process of acquiring information and knowledge. The learners accomplish this goal by using diverse tools to customise their learning experiences and materials. For example, the use web-based application will facilitate the acquisition of soft skills in comprehension much faster than it is possible in the conventional settings (Nizonkiza 2011). On the other hand, blended learning provides asynchronous communication between teachers and their students because of the additional support offered by web-based application in the learning process. Consequently, instructors do not have to spend too much time on talking and teaching unfamiliar content (Falvo Johnson 2007). Another advantage of using the blended cla ssroom model is that it improves performance and educational outcomes. The application of information and communication technologies in the classroom increases access to a variety of learning materials (Forman 2011). Yu, Zhang and Chen (2006) have argued that gifted students do not get a chance to hone their skills considering the limits of the current curricular. Nonetheless, educational technologies enable this group of learners to avoid grade restrictions or advance their competencies. Weston (2009) has also argued that these innovative tools (such as simulations, video and audio content, animations and others) improve the retention rate. According to Hsu and Lin (2008), educational technologies reinforce the information acquired through the conventional teaching practices. This will be applied in this programme by providing learners with digital materials of what they have learnt in class. The Justification for Choosing the Materials The learning materials consist of two web app lications: Moodle and TED-Ed. Moodle is a web-based application that allows instructors and learners to design personalised instructional environments. Moodle provides collaborative learning based on the social constructionist pedagogy. The collaborative learning environments empower both the learning and teaching processes. The justification for choosing this application is that it supports blended learning. A ccording to Chapelle and Jamieson (2008), connected behaviour in a learning environment stimulates learning since learners share their knowledge and experiences. The participatory nature of Moodle will allow the participants to become both teachers and learners. The design of this material will help ensure that teachers and learners can interact even when they are not in a classroom setting (Redington 2011). Secondly, the teacher will create learning materials using the TED-Ed Lessons. This websites allows its visitors to add supplementary materials (including discussion topi cs) to any educational videos posted on YouTube. The use of TED-Ed lessons will play a fundamental role in introducing new information in curiosity-inspiring and exciting way. In essence, the TED-Ed lessons allow the teacher to use video clips and films to transmit information. The Teacher’s Role in Blended Learning The teacher’s beliefs and attitudes have a fundamental influence on vocabulary intake. Individual perceptions are very influential in determining classroom behaviours and actions (Shafie Nayan 2010). These components also determine whether the student will succeed or fail to master the foreign language (Forman 2011). The role of the teacher has evolved from a monitor to that of a facilitator and manager since the advent of the internet. The point of argument that has emerged from these conceptualisations is whether or not blended classrooms require teachers to fulfil their traditional roles (Warschauer 2007). The keyword in the Computer-Assisted Language L earning (CALL) context is â€Å"assisted.† It means that although blended learning gives students some autonomy, teachers still control the learning process (Ko 2012). Web-based learning allows students to take control of their knowledge-acquisition process by personalising their learning experiences. Karchmer-Klein and Shinas (2012) have argued that this freedom ensures that the learners synthesise materials at a preferred pace, which improves performance. Web-based tools have influenced the shift towards student-centred learning, which has transformed the role of the teacher fundamentally (Warschauer 2007). It allows for a personalised and student-centred approach of learning because the learner can dictate the pace and time of consuming a given digital material. This is very different from the traditional learning approach where learners had to follow rigid timetables which they had no control over. The teacher no longer functions as the predominant disseminator of informa tion. By contrast, instructors are now the managers or facilitators of the learning process (Shafie Nayan 2010). The use of technology in the conventional classroom gives students more autonomy. Chapelle and Jamieson (2008) have discovered that most teachers are yet to conceptualise the difference between Tacher-Talk-Time (TTT) and Student-Talk-Time (STT). Teachers are often cautious about giving their students total freedom (Redington 2011). According to Shafie and Nayan (2010), such teachers continue to dictate the pace and contexts of learning. Subsequently, students only consume whatever their teachers give to them. This study will not conform to this traditional belief because web-based applications will allow the learners to assume control over their learning by enabling them to dictate when and at what pace they want to consume a given knowledge (Cooker 2008). These tools will also facilitate efficient communication and collaboration between teachers and their students (McQu irter Dortmans 2013). For instance, the primary function of Moodle is to create a collaborative learning environment. Effectual instruction is feasible in these settings if teachers allow their students to make contributions and suggestions during the lesson (Falvo Johnson 2007). The constructive approach to learning supports the transitioning of the teacher’s role from an information provider to a facilitator. According to this theory, the construction of knowledge and meaning takes place in a student’s mind (Shafie Nayan 2010). Wright (2010) has also indicated that this process is continuous since it is always evolving. The use of the Moodle application will enable the teacher to interact easily with the students. Forman (2011) has argued that this approach creates a learning environment that encourages exchange of information, knowledge and ideas openly. The Significance of Feedback One of the most significant components of learning is giving students appropriate feedback. Hsu and Lin (2008) have indicated that students show progress when they receive feedback from their instructors. According to Forman (2011), feedback is an essential aspect of assessment because it enables students to evaluate their performance. Wright (2010) noted that students get more feedback in virtual settings compared to the traditional classroom setting. The point of argument is that web-based applications give instant comments than the teacher does. On the other hand, teachers often give generalised views that disregard the needs of individual students. Consequently, such an action does not benefit the whole class equally (McQuirter Dortmans 2013). The learning materials make it possible for the learners to receive instant results whenever they undertake web-based assignments. The grading threshold for the test is the achievement of the highest grade. The learners can attempt the exam several times until they attain this goal. The feedback for incorrect answers will give the students an opportunity to reorganise their knowledge and information. Wright (2010) found out that students who received explicit feedback improved their writing and reading skills. For example, the first task will be to ask the student to match computer terminologies with their respective meanings. Adaptive Learning in Blended Classrooms Both the teaching and learning processes are essential in blended classrooms. Computer applications do not improve performance in a vacuum. According to Weston (2009), these tools are only meant to support learning procedures. Forman (2011) has noted that the individual characteristics rather than web-based applications determine the performance of both the teacher and learners. For example, a school may have the latest educational technologies but this cannot improve performance before motivating the learners to use these tools. Thus, adaptive learning is very critical in blended classrooms (McQuirter Dortmans 2013). The role of ad aptive web-based learning is to enhance user experiences by maintaining didactical and pedagogical processes (Chang 2010). Motivation, preferences and prior knowledge constitute learner-specific characteristics that influence performance (Shute Towle 2003). Didactical activities require the teacher to use technology to meet the demands of the target group. The learning materials have incorporated this concept into the teaching and learning processes. This is achieved by providing learners with web-based materials that they can always review at their own time. This means that if a learner did not understand a concept in a classroom setting, he can review the online materials at any time in order to enhance his knowledge. It is imperative to note that Moodle and TED-Ed will not replace current practices. By contrast, the aim of using technology is to improve and simplify conventional classroom practices (Lapp, Moss Rowsell 2013). For instance, a student may score poor marks in his f irst business essay because he was unable to synthesise his notes given in a classroom setting. This means that such a student may not have proper revision materials to prepare for exams. The proposed tools will address this problem by enabling the learners to have all the materials they need at any time whether or not they prepared notes when the teacher was in class (Chang 2010). One of the crucial benefits of using technology in classrooms is that it provides unique experiences than the non-ICT approaches do. However, it is important to note that sometimes the adaptation to ICT tools may be very complex and time consuming (McQuirter Dortmans 2013). For this reason, it may be necessary to come up with measures that will address these challenges in order to benefit from the use of the proposed materials. The proposed teaching materials will address these challenges by using simple applications to meet the students’ immediate needs. The learners require improving their liste ning and reading skills to understand the business terminologies used in the classroom. The purpose of the learning materials is to match English language learning content with the student’s characteristics. This objective is elemental to support didactical and pedagogical processes (Lapp, Moss Rowsell 2012). Constructivist-Collaborative Approach shifts focus from the teacher to the student. This framework encourages students to assume an active role in the learning process instead of being passive spectators (Falvo Johnson 2007). Weston (2009) has posited that the thoughts and contributions of the students augment the learning process even if they do not make sense. The Moodle tool will require the students to navigate through multiple information sources to get the solution to a particular task. The purpose of this activity is to support the acquisition of critical thinking skills. This assignment will also help students to enhance their skimming and scanning competencies . The teacher will use an evaluation checklist to ensure that the task is sufficiently comprehensive. This means that at regular intervals, a teacher may consider giving learners a long passage to go through within a short time. The learners will be expected to skim the passage in order to grasp important concepts about it. After that, they will be asked a series of questions based on the passage. The aim of this process is to enable the learner to get relevant information relatively fast while in the World Wide Web. The Rationale for using Authentic Materials The effectiveness of teaching any language necessitates the development of authentic materials. The rationale underpinning the previous statement is that these tools bridge the gap between the real world and academia (Chang 2010). The main problem that learners may face when using blended approach of learning is that sometimes online materials may be misleading. For this reason, it was necessary for the teachers to play an act ive role in web-based learning (Dykman Davis 2008). They should define the kind of materials which are appropriate for the learners. Despite these diverse viewpoints on the issue of authenticity of the web-based materials, Tomlinson (2008) has claimed that the use of authentic English in the learning materials is essential to engage the learners affectively and cognitively. It is crucial to note that students often find it hard to comprehend some of these resources fully. Dudeney and Hockly (2007) have underscored the significance of designing effectual tasks to limit these complexities. The proposed learning materials preferred the authentic texts to English language training (ELT) practices for three reasons. First, it was necessary to tailor the learning materials to the students’ needs. These tools will pay attention to language, as well as engage the learners effectively (Hsu Lin 2008). Secondly, the use of these texts will motivate the students to assume an active rol e in the learning process. This study will involve students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. As such, Tseng (2002) suggests that it will be counterproductive to use materials meant for instructional purposes only. Thirdly, business case studies and essays often assess the students’ comprehension of global issues. The learners who are participating currently are pursuing a bachelor’s degree in international business. Thus, their ability to use English language comprehensively is a competency that they will require in the future to become global leaders. Guest (2002) has argued that language is not about vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. On the contrary, language learning becomes meaningful if the learners understand the cultures that underlie the language. The use of authentic texts will ensure that these students expand their perspectives about global cultures. The core of this objective is that culture influences individual perceptions and belief s (Tseng 2002). Lexis is a critical component of this lesson. The aim of focusing on this language system is to meet the students’ vocabulary intake needs (Nizonkiza 2011). The realisation of this objective necessitated the manipulation of the authentic texts in various forms. Guest (2002) has argued that English language learners find it quite difficult to comprehend some authentic materials. The development of simple exercises using Moodle was essential to make this process more amenable (Dudeney Hockly, 2007). The question design helps in making the whole process simple by eliminating unnecessary vocabularies that may confuse the learners. The teacher refined the authentic text through a vocabulary profile for two reasons. First, it was necessary to simplify the task without compromising the layout of questions. Second, this strategy was crucial to enable the learners to acquire new lexis using web-based terminologies (Nizonkiza, 2011). The development of the learning mat erials emphasised authentic text for two reasons. Firstly, Lewis (2000) acknowledged the essence of teaching words within a cultural context rather than in isolation. Second, Folse (2004) has prohibited the tendency of guessing from the context since it is ineffective and impossible. According to Folse, students run the risk of learning the incorrect meanings of words when they employ guesswork. Chapelle and Jamieson (2008) have supported these assertions by emphasising the need to introduce students to novel vocabulary items. Chapelle and Jamieson have indicated that teaching vocabulary with CALL â€Å" help learners to develop strategies for explicit vocabulary learning through the use of online dictionaries† (2008 p. 12). Based on the materials discussed in the section above, learners will rely on web-based learning to know the meaning of some words and the context under which they should be used. The trend of globalisation has diversified the current populations in the Ki ngdom of Saudi Arabia. Thus, these students come from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds (Yu, Zhang Chen 2006). Shute and Towle (2003) have noted cultural and language diversities influences how English Language Learners (ELLs) acquire language skills. As such, the learning materials will be sensitive to cultural and language differences among the students. Further, the teacher will employ differential and supplemental activities to enhance the acquisition of reading competencies. Besides the normal classes in the brick-and-moter setting, a teacher may consider sending the learners to a world wide web for a further investigation of a given issue. This means that the teacher will have more time to attend to other academic tasks other than spending time with students trying to explain a single concept repeatedly. The faculty will review the internet-based materials to ascertain their authenticity and applicability in the classroom. Conclusion This assignment has demonstrated that adequate use of technology can play a significant role in facilitating language learning and teaching. The novel technological advances and innovations provide essential tools that teachers can use to enhance the acquisition of language and vocabulary skills. Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) does not only improve students’ abilities but also supports professional development. This rationale has highlighted the application of CALL materials to facilitate English learning among university students. The use of Moodle and TED-Ed tools was necessary to prepare them to perform better in their second assignment. The rationale has shown that students can benefit both academically and personally if teachers use the CALL tools efficiently. Despite the many benefits of CALL, they also present a myriad of limitations. First, the limited face-to-face interactions undermined the capacity to provide timely feedback. Second, it was impossible to develop high-quality content b ecause the tools lack superior interfaces. For instance, the materials may not be as engaging as a teacher would be in a classroom setting. Moreover, these tools may not identify academic weaknesses of a learner. This can only be done by a teacher. Nonetheless, both Moodle and TED-Ed applications supported social interactions, which were crucial for them to acquire language and literacy skills. The software was also cost-effective, although it promoted sound pedagogical practices. The teacher should prepare and assist the students to overcome the challenges of using technology to make the learning process more productive. This objective is critical because many schools are now shifting towards the blended system of instruction as the most appropriate strategy. List of References Chang, AC-S 2010, ‘The effect of the timed reading activity on EFL learners: speed, comprehension and perceptions’, Reading in a Foreign Language, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 284-303. Chapelle, CA Jami eson, J 2008, Tips for teaching with CALL: practical approaches to computer-assisted language learning, Pearson Education, New York. Cooker, L 2008, ‘Self-access material, in B Tomlinson: English language learning materials’, Continuum International Group, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 110-132. Dudeney, G Hockly, N 2007, How to teach English with technology, Pearson Education, Essex. 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