Continuous Venovenous Haemodiafiltration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Continuous Venovenous Haemodiafiltration - Essay Example that permits filtration of solutes in the blood by diffusion across the semipermeable membrane, the dialyzer, and by convection of solutes across the membrane as they are separated or filtrated from the whole blood in response to hydrostatic pressure (Bellomo, R., 1996).In contrast to intermittent haemodialysis, CVVHD employs slow continuous ultrafiltration that utilizes high-efficiency dialyzers with low blood and dialysate flow rates. In the acute care setting, the patients with acute renal failure are often unstable, and CVVHD is often preferable to haemodialysis. Furthermore, the classical intermittent haemodialysis has its limitations in haemodynamically unstable patients (Davenport, A., 1993). In fact, CVVHD has shown to improve haemodynamic and cerebrovascular stability in acute renal failure in the setting of multiorgan failure like liver failure or cerebral edema (Davenport, A., 1995). With CVVHD, sophisticated pump-driven devices that have venovenous access are used. Since this blood is circulated through the dialysis haemofilter, inherent risks of arterial route is obviated. Apart from organ failure, the other indications for use of venovenous haemodiafiltrate are acute renal failure complicated by refractory fluid overload, haemodynamic instability, and major life-threatening electrolyte imbalance and instability causing acid-base imbalance (Kirschbaum, B et al, 1992).Relevance in Critical Care: Trauma, burns, and pancreatitis are there major critical care admissions. These are known for release of many inflammatory materials in the body in response to the original insult. This constitutes the SIRS or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Another...Anaesth Intensive Care. 1996 Aug;24(4):423-9. PMID: 8862637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Leslie GD, Jacobs IG, Clarke GM, Proximally delivered dilute heparin does not improve circuit life in continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med. 1996 Nov;22(11):1261-4. PMID: 9120123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Wetering J van de, Westendorp RG, van der Hoeven JG, Stolk B, Feuth JD, Chang PC, Heparin Use In Continuous Renal Replacement Procedures: The Struggle Between Filter Coagulation And Patient Hemorrhage.J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996 Jan;7(1):145-50. PMID: 8808122 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Injustice Toward Women. Candide by Voltaire Essay

Injustice Toward Women. Candide by Voltaire - Essay Example Women who opposed the values of the society faced rejection and were not recognized within the populace. The purpose of focusing the study of injustice toward the woman is to emphasize that the novel will help us to develop the thesis of the study women identity from the starting point of women injustice in the society. Men claim to value and respect the dignity of women in the society, they abuse them at every opportunity. In the Novel, most of the significant female characters are raped and treated brutally by men characters this is depicted by Cunegonde who inform Candide of mistreatment during the war. In various countries, rules and laws are formulated to protect the injustice of women; although, the situation is not perfect the rules have helped to maintain women justice in society. Various human rights often do not recognize the justice rights of women around the world especially as they explain the subordination and injustices committed against women in society. Women suffer injustice in marriage laws and divorces the infidelity in the wife will always make most people to sympathize with man without tangible reasons of condemnation. As in almost all contract of marriages the husband has a substantial superiority to the wife. Thus, the injury done to his honor will be more grievous, as all effects done to a superior by inferior are more sensibly felt than those done to an inferior (Montes and Schliesser 51). The Voltaire’s novel Candide will help to discuss how injustice toward women affected the characters, and how the injustice is still significant in today’s society. The novel is full of exceptionally incident of the sexual exploitation of Women in the society, and this abuse was imposed on the three major characters old women, Cunegonde, and paquette. These characters were all raped, induced into sexual bondage that caused psychological, social, and physical problems. The victims were viewed as immoral, and many people looked down on th e victim without understanding the difficulties they had to endure. When Candide says he wants to marry Cunegonde, Maximilian refuses the marriage saying that Candide is not worthy to marry the product of generation of nobility in the society. The writer use three characters to demonstrate the extraordinary dangers that women are vulnerable and that affect the way they live in the society. Although, men really want a strong woman with outstanding virtues, many view these types of women as stubborn and bad example to society. The pressure on women’s time and the gender injustice that women face, with remarkable limited access to the productive resources, have serious implication for the sustainable development in the community. According to Montes and Schliesser (53) gender injustice, occur when women face ongoing covert attempts to maintain their subordination, and when men face sustained efforts to deprive them access to necessary resources or view them as inferior gender in the society. When women face the tests to existing relations of power, and their attempts to change the injustice condition, encounters severe outcomes. For example, the male character in the novel respect the power and sexual chastity in women, but when Cunegonde tries to show her dignity by defending her right, he makes it impossible for her and other women to value such sexual chastity. When a society exists with an unjust